Iterambere ry'ibihingwa mu Bushinwa

1. Kumenyekanisha inganda zikomoka ku bimera
Ibikomoka ku bimera bivuga ibicuruzwa byakozwe no gushaka icyerekezo hamwe no guhuriza hamwe kimwe cyangwa byinshi bikora mubimera bidahinduye imiterere yibigize ibikorwa binyuze mu gukuramo umubiri na chimique no gutandukanya inzira hamwe nuburyo bukwiye. Ibikomoka ku bimera nigicuruzwa cyingenzi hagati, cyakoreshejwe cyane mubiribwa n'ibinyobwa, condiment, ubuvuzi, ibikomoka ku buzima, inyongera zimirire, kwisiga, inyongeramusaruro nizindi nganda.

Dukurikije “2021 Ubushinwa Bwakuyemo Inganda Zisesengura Inganda - Ingano y’inganda n’igenamigambi ry’iterambere”. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko burenga 300 bwo kuvoma inganda, zishobora kugabanywa muri Phytochemicals, Standard Standard Extract and Ratio Extract ukurikije ibikubiye mubice bikora Acide, Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Flavonoide, Alkaloide, nibindi.

2. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu nganda ziva mu Bushinwa
Hamwe n’inyungu z’umutungo ukomoka ku bimera, inganda zo gukuramo ibihingwa mu Bushinwa zatangiye gutangira mu myaka ya za 90, kandi inganda nyinshi z’Abashinwa zatangiye kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika.
Hamwe no kuzamura imibereho yabantu, igitekerezo cyo gusubira muri kamere cyashimangiwe. Ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, ibikomoka ku buzima n’amavuta yo kwisiga bigenda byiyongera ku bicuruzwa bitoshye, ibidukikije ndetse n’umwanda. Ibikomoka ku bimera bifite umwanya munini witerambere hamwe nisoko ryimbere mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Isesengura ry’abayobozi b’amahanga rivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2025. isoko ry’ibikomoka ku bimera ku isi biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 59.4 z’amadolari mu gihugu.

Mu nganda zikenewe cyane, uruganda rukora imiti rusaba umubare munini, rukurikirwa n’ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga. Muri 2018, 45.23% / 25% / 22,63% / 7.14% by'ibikomoka ku bimera byo mu Bushinwa byakoreshejwe mu buvuzi / ibiryo / kwisiga / ibindi bicuruzwa.

Dukurikije imibare ya gasutamo y'Ubushinwa, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu mahanga bigera kuri miliyari 2.372 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2019, aho ubwiyongere bw’umwaka bwiyongereyeho 13.35% kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2019. Muri 2020, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byose byari miliyari 2.45 amadolari, yazamutseho 3,6% umwaka ku mwaka, naho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byari toni 96.000, byiyongereyeho 11.0% ku mwaka.

Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na raporo yubushakashatsi bwerekana. Muri 2020, Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu bimera ku isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru byiyongereyeho 36.8% mu gaciro na 49.7%. Umubare w’ibikomoka ku bimera byoherejwe muri Amerika muri 2020 byari miliyoni 610 z’amadolari y’Amerika, byiyongereyeho 35.8% ku mwaka, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari toni 24.000, byiyongereyeho 48.8% ku mwaka. Amerika ikomeje kuba isoko rinini ryohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu bimera, bikurikirwa n’Ubuyapani na Indoneziya, bingana na 13.91%, 8.56% na 5.40% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri 2019.

3. Isesengura ryimiterere yinganda
Nkigice cyinganda zubuzima, inganda zikuramo ibimera ziracyari inganda zigenda zigaragara murwego rwo gukura. Kugeza ubu, inganda ziva mu Bushinwa zifite inganda zo hejuru ku isoko, kandi hari inganda nyinshi mu nganda, ariko igipimo kiratandukanye, kandi muri rusange inganda ni nke. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikomoka ku bimera, kandi amoko arenga 300 yinjiye mu gukuramo inganda. Igipimo cyisoko ryubwoko bumwe ni hafi miliyoni 10 kugeza kuri miliyari nyinshi. Bitewe nubunini bwisoko rito ryubwoko bumwe, hariho imishinga mike ifite imbaraga zuzuye kumasoko yibicuruzwa bimwe. Ibigo byambere birashobora kongera byihuse umugabane wamasoko bitewe nibyiza byubunini, ikoranabuhanga, imiyoborere nibindi, nibindi bicuruzwa byinshi kandi byinshi byinjira buhoro buhoro muburyo bwisoko ryamarushanwa yihariye cyangwa oligopoly.

Kugeza ubu, mu Bushinwa hari inganda zirenga 2000 zishora mu nganda zikurura ibihingwa mu Bushinwa, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zifite urwego ruto, ikoranabuhanga rito ndetse n’imicungire, amoko make y’umusaruro n’igurisha, hamwe n’inganda nke. Byuzuye nkamabwiriza yinganda, ibimera bivamo ibihingwa, ibisobanuro bisanzwe, hamwe nabaguzi mugutezimbere ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge, hamwe ninganda zikomoka ku bimera gahoro gahoro kuva ku ntera ntoya y’irushanwa ridahwitse, winjire ushingiye ku bwiza, ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku iterambere ryiza, icyamamare cyiza, ikoranabuhanga ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, imbaraga zishoramari zinganda ziyobora mumarushanwa, guhora utezimbere umugabane wisoko, Kugirango uyobore iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ryinganda.